Diyala Journal for Veterinary Sciences

Serological and Traditional Detection of Sarcocystis Species Isolated from Human and Beef Meat in Diyala Province

2025-03-13T20:28:29+00:00

Sarcocystis is a protozoan, intracellular parasitic disease of the phylum Apicomplexa, it is
important disease in Asia, especially the western regions of the continent. It is considered one of
the important zoonotic diseases, the infection wide geographic spreading caused by various
species. The total Infection rate of traditional methods was 65 % (65\ 100) of sarcocysts isolated
from esophagus of 100 cattle were slaughtered at Diyala slaughter house during the period from
November 2023 to May 2024. Cattle age ranged from (2-5) years. Different traditional
techniques were made to detected sarcocystosis, peptic digestion technique was highly sensitive
technique 100% according all other traditional methods. Then Trichnoscopy were 30(30%) while
the squeezing less sensitive 26(26%) respectively. The majority of male animals recorded higher
infection incidence 75% while the female’s cattle rate was 53,8 from the total exanimated
animals. The result showed that the highest infection rate was recorded in animal of old age
above 4-year-old 100% with significant differences between the age groups. the bradyzoites of
Sarcocystis parasite were seen by examining the sediment of the digested muscle fluid as banana
shape with a spik end of front and rounded rear end and slightly clear nucleus positioned toward
the rear end, measurements 13.2× 2.8 μm. In human the total ELISA results of the blood samples
(male and female) showed total infected rate (15.28%). the male recorded highly infection rate
in 10(34.48%) while the lowest rate in female was (6.34% (The infection rate according to
male ages groups showed that (15-25) age highly infected (20.68%) .In females, the highest
infection rate recorded in (25-35) age group than other groups.in conclusion the sarcocystis
infection in cattle meat and human serum were elevated in Diyala areas and it has become more
effected on the health of society due to the consumption of imported or under cocked meat.
Therefore, more studies must be conducted to determine the propagate of the disease and attempt
control it distribution.

Histopathological Investigation of Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) Infections in Broiler Chickens: A Study in Diyala Governorate

2025-03-13T20:33:32+00:00

Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH), is the main serotype caused by Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV), that
affecting chickens leading to substantial economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. The
virus mostly affects broiler chickens aged 3-6 weeks, resulting in mortality rates ranging from
10-30%. IBH is characterized by friable, enlarged livers with hepatic necrosis and ecchymotic
hemorrhages, often accompanied by lesions in the kidney and spleen. This study was performed
at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, aim to identifying the strains of this
virus and detect the disease to confirm its presence in Diyala Governorate. This was achieved by
conducting histopathological examinations on samples collected from post-mortem cases.
Twenty-five tissue samples were collected from several organs, including the liver, spleen, and
kidney, from five location farms in Baqubah, Al-Khalis, Al-Muqdadiyah, Al-Wajhiyah, and
Kanaan. These sections were stained using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining
protocols. Histopathological examination of tissues infected broiler chickens with IBH- exposed
significant pathological changes. Liver sections displayed coagulative necrosis, basophilic
intranuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes, fatty infiltration, and subacute periportal
hepatitis. In the spleen, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and lymphocyte depletion were
detected. Kidney segments exhibited sign of nephritis, tubular degeneration, and mild peritubular
mononuclear infiltration. Additionally, the glomeruli displayed mesangial hyperplasia,
proliferative glomerulonephritis, and thickening of Bowman’s capsule, while intranuclear
inclusion bodies were rarely detected in renal tissues. These findings highlight the extensive
tissue damage caused by IBH in affected organs. The results of the current study highlight the
pathological effects of FAdV in broiler chickens emphasize the importance of timely detection
and characterization of the virus to alleviate its economic effect on poultry rearing in Diyala
Governorate

Histopathological Effects of Albizia lebbeck Seeds Extract on Cecum Tissues of Broilers Infested Experimentally by Eimeria tenella

2025-03-13T20:39:07+00:00

The study was aimed to investigate the pathological of cecum broiler chickens infected
and treated by ethanolic Seed Extract of Albizia lebbeck. Sixty (Ross,310) broiler chicks
were divided into 6 equal groups (10 birds / each), at age 17th day. A, control negative, B,
control positive, C treated Amprolium1g/L in drinking water, and D, E, F (infected and
treated groups) ethanolic A. lebbeck seed extract with at doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/Kg
BW., respectively). All groups except group A chickens were experimentally infected with
500 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The results showed that. In groups treated with
the extract alone at a dose of 300 mg/kg, no particular histological abnormalities were seen,
treated by Amprolium 1g/L in drinking water and control negative while, some lesions
were observed in the groups treated at doses 100, mg/ Kg B. W. showed different stages of
E. tenella maturation including schizont and microgametes were observed in crypt layer of
cecum. E. tenella. Deferent stages of sexual and asexual of E tenella was observed within
the necrotic epithelial cells’ debris near the surface of cecum lumen and at doses 200
mg/Kg.BW showed E. tenella microgametes was observed within epithelial necrosis cystic
change in the sub mucosa and of cecum severe lesions changes observed in the group of
control positive.

Molecular identification of Giradia intestinalis in human and cats in Dohuk city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

2025-03-13T20:57:24+00:00

The goal of the study to determine the prevalence of Giardia infection in 200 samples (100
at breeders’ stool and 100 cats faecal samples) that were collected between the beginning of
January 2024 until end of April 2024, from different reigns of Dohuk City, Iraq. For the
purpose of confirming the presence of Giaria intestinlis parasite, both conventional and
molecular diagnosis were used. The results of microscopic examination showed that the
infection rate in humans was 45/100 (45%), showed higher rate of infection in females
(45.45. %) compared to males (44.44%). The rate infection between age groups, with a rate
(46%) at 5-10 years old and (44%) at 11–20-year-old. The microscopically results showed the
rate of infection at G.intestinalis in cats was55/100 (55%). Showed a significant difference
between sexes, and the infection rate was higher in males was 70% compared to females was
40%. The Prevalence of G.intestinalis related to age was (72%) and(38%) in Kittens and
adult age groups respectively . In this study, PCR assays with primer specific 18 S r RNA
have been applied for the detection of Giardia isolates in cats breeders’ stool and cats faecal.
After being sequenced, ten positive PCR results were contributed to the Genebank database.
Phytogenic analysis revealed that five of the PCR results (PP486374.1, PP486375.1,
PP486376.1, PP486377.1, PP486378.1) were associated with isolates of G. intestinalis from
humans, while the remaining isolates (PP486379.1, PP486380.1, PP486381.1, PP486382.1,
PP486383.1) were associated with isolates of G. intestinalis from cats. In conclusion: The
molecular study found a 97.68% relationship between Giardia intestinalis isolates from
humans (PP486376.1, PP486378.1) and cats (PP486379.1, PP486380.1), as per the
phylogenetic tree.

Phenotypic Identification and Molecular Characterization of Aspergillus Niger, Fumonisin and Ochratoxin Genes from Otomycosis in Domestic Cats with Special Emphasis to Underlying Risk Factors

2025-03-13T21:15:56+00:00

The current study aims to isolation of Aspergillus niger from external ear of cats, molecular characterization of A. niger, fumonisin and ochratoxin by conventional PCR and detection of risk factors. A total of 106 external ear swabs were taken from domestic cats and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Positive fungal growth was identified by conventional PCR
using species-specific PCR primer pairs for A. niger (NIG1) and (Cmd A)—production of
fumonisin and ochratoxin confirmed by PCR using Fum 1 and PKS specific primers. The total
of (20.75 %) swabs were A.niger positive by culture and PCR using ( NIG1) and (Cmd
A) primers. Cats with age (2-6) months were frequently infected followed by those with
(12- 16) months. Males represent (62.26%) while female represent (37.73%). A total of
(15.09%) males were infected with A.niger versus (5.66%) for females . Females appear
to be at risk of getting A. niger infection at (1.813) time than males. No significant correlation was reported between age, sex, body weight; breed; hair length; ear cleaning interval; bathing frequency; season and infection with A. niger. Fumonisin was detected in
(41.17%) of A. niger isolates while ochratoxin was not detected.

Effects Dietary of Arginine and N-carbamylglutamate on Heamatological and Performance Traits of Female Rabbits

2025-03-13T21:21:51+00:00

The influences of NCG and Arginine on female rabbits were measured in this study and focused
on feed intake, body weight, and daily weight increasing, then the various parameters, especially
in the blood tests, have been checked for more clear information on their usage on rabbits
production and health. The experiment lasted 9 weeks with 21 female rabbits aged 5-6 months
and an average weight 830 ±22 g divided into three groups, each group three rabbits. The control
group was fed a basal diet, and second group was fed Arginine (300mg/ orally daily), while the
third group was fed NCG (300 mg/ orally daily).
The results of adding Arginine and NCG showed no significant (P<0.05) differences in body
weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among various dietary treatments recorded
from one week to seven. In week eight there was a significant increase in weight gain between
Arg and NCG group compared with control, the hematological test showed no significant in
WBC, Hb, PCV, Thrm, RBC, group ARG and NCG compared with control. The ALT, AST and
ALP enzyme appeared no significantly change(P<0.05) as well as urea concentration and total
protein .
It can be concluded that arginine and N-carbamylglutamate have a positive effect on rabbits’
performance by improving the productive characteristics of rabbits and not having any harmful
effects on the liver and kidneys.

Comparison between the Nano-Silica Extracted from Date Palm Ash and Silicone Gel to Treat the Induced Second Degree Burn in Albino Rats Model

2025-03-25T09:07:09+00:00

This study explores the healing effects of nanosilica extracted from date palm on second-degree burns in white rats, comparing its efficacy with that of silicone gel, a commonly used treatment for burn injuries, and a control group that received no treatment. A total of 30 white rats were randomly divided into three groups, with each group consisting of 10 animals. The first group was treated with a 5% nanosilica, the second group received a topical application of silicone gel (Scarmed^®), and the third group served as a control and received no treatment. All treatments were applied once daily for 7 days.

The healing process was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically at 7, 14, and 21days post-treatment. The nanosilica-treated group showed accelerated wound healing, faster re-epithelialization, reduced inflammation, and minimal scarring compared to both the silicone gel-treated and control groups. The silicone gel-treated group showed moderate improvement in wound healing but lagged behind the nanosilica group, while the control group exhibited the slowest healing, with prolonged inflammation, less organized collagen deposition, and noticeable scarring.

Histological examinations revealed enhanced collagen deposition, fibroblast activity, and tissue regeneration in the nanosilica-treated wounds, which were significantly better than those observed in the other two groups. These findings indicate that nanosilica, with its biocompatibility and regenerative properties, holds great promise as a natural, effective treatment for burn injuries, offering a viable alternative to traditional silicone-based treatments.

Saffron Extract Ointment for Treatment of Open Wounds

2025-03-25T10:05:48+00:00

This study compared the saffron extract group to the control group for wound therapy in
rats. Twenty male white rats were housed in plastic cages, with containers randomly assigned
to two groups of ten rats. All rats underwent conventional surgery under general anesthesia,
resulting in surgical incision injuries on the dorsal region of their backs. A 2 cm long wound
was made using a surgical blade and ruler. Increased blood flow, edema, fibrous tissue, and
crust formation were observed during examination. Treatments were applied to the wound
surface once daily for seven days. Biopsies were taken on the seventh, fourteenth, and twentyfirst days to assess healing, with morphological observations reported on each of these days.
The best outcomes were observed in G2. On the final wound healing examination, G2 showed
significantly more wound contraction than G1. The evaluation indicated that G2 outperformed
G1 in wound assessment, supported by additional criteria. Histological changes after saffron
treatment revealed complete recovery of all skin layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and
underlying tissue. In contrast, G1 (control) showed a regenerated epidermal stratum,
interstitial spaces between the outer skin and underlying layers, swelling or vesicular lesions
within these layers, and swelling beneath the skin, with inflammatory cells, primarily
lymphocytes, present in the dermal layer.

Histomorphological Study of Tongue in Moorhen (Gallinulla chloropus)

2025-03-25T10:33:11+00:00

Aims: The present investigation was carried out to offer fundamental information on the
morphological and histological structure of the tongue in moorhens (Gallinula
chloropus). For the current investigation to be carried out, seven moorhens were
purchased from the Baghdad, Iraq, commercial market. The samples(tongue) were then
carefully fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The specimens were washed with tab
water then dehydrated with serial dilution of alcohol and cleared with xylene and then
embedded in paraffin wax. Following a five micrometer-thick sectioning, the slides were
stained with hematoxylin and eosin. according to the gross findings our results showed
that the tongue was situated on the floor of the oropharyngeal cavity. A row of caudally
pointed papillae arranged transversely known as lingual papillae separated the tongue's
rostral and caudal regions. There was a laryngeal cleft beyond it, with one pharyngeal
papillae row positioned caudally in a heart shape. There were a distinct keratinized bands
on the dorsal surface of the tongue apex, the lingual mucosa's histology revealed
stratified squamous epithelium with varying degrees of keratinization. Many mucosal
glands were seen in the caudal part of the tongue; the secretions emptied into the ducts,
this led to the tongue's dorsal surface opening. Whereas the papillae might act primarily
as physical barriers to the reflexive backward movement of food that has passed over
them, the glandular secretions may facilitate swallowing by lubricating the caudal region
of the oropharyngeal cavity in addition to the proximal part of the esophagus. The study
concluded that the morphological features of the moorhen's tongue are likely adaptations
adequate to its unique feeding habits and methods of gathering food. These adaptations
make the moorhen an excellent forager in ponds, marshes, and other wetland
environments, that has evolved a special beak and tongue to survive in its aquatic
environments. Small aquatic invertebrates and plant matter can be filtered and retained
from the water by its tongue by means of papillae, which are hair-like projections
pointing backward. Because of these adaptations, moorhens are great foragers in ponds,
marshes, and other types of wetland habitats.

Saffron Extract Ointment for Treatment of Open Wounds

2025-03-25T16:40:46+00:00

Effect of Quercetin on Asthma and Nasal Allergies as an Immunomodulator: Review

2025-03-13T20:46:05+00:00

Quercetin is a flavonoid found in nature, and is rich in antioxidants. It is recognized as an
important natural substance, notable for its potent effects in modulating the immune system
and its anti-inflammatory characteristics. Many fruits and vegetables, such as onions,
shallots, apples, and different berries, contain quercetin. Consequently, this review aims to
elucidate the function of quercetin as an immune enhancer and its significance in managing
asthma and nasal allergies. A variety of research studies involving both human and animal
subjects have been conducted, with ongoing investigations both in vitro and in vivo
continuing until 2024. The effects of quercetin as an anti-inflammatory agent and antiasthmatic conditions, it is also linked to decreased levels of interleukin IL-4, inhibition of
histamine release, and a decrease in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and
leukotrienes. Quercetin has the potential to diminish the creation of antigen-specific IgE
immunoglobulin and enhance the balance between Th1 and the responses. inconclusion: the
characteristics of quercetin could serve as a therapeutic approach for conditions such as
asthma and nasal allergies.